Leopold the Land Ethic

â€Å"The Land Ethic† by Aldo Leopold â€Å"The Land Ethic†is an individual essay that was collected from the major publication â€Å"The Sand County Almanac† written by Aldo Leopold during his life time, and it was published one year after his death in 1949. This essay was read by many people during his lifetime and was a powerful force in ecological sphere for many years. Leopold collected all his knowledge in this major publication, and in â€Å"The Land Ethic† he calls for people's attention in order to preserve the environment, protect the land from changing, and protect species from the extinction.Aldo Leopold in â€Å"The Lend Ethic† explains to his readers what is meant by land ethic. It's a sort of combination of rules about what is right and what is wrong, and Leopold writes that it â€Å"is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community† and â€Å"is wrong when it tends otherwise†. In the chapter â€Å"The Ecological Conscience† Leopold writes that this ecological set of â€Å"rules† can not be written down on a paper as a book of laws, because â€Å"obligations have no meaning without conscience, and the problem we face is the extension of the social conscience from people to land†.What the author means is that people must take action by following the rules either written on paper or not. â€Å"Education must precede rules† writes Leopold in his essay. People should be more educated regarding the conservations they have and understand that without land ethic there is going to be no â€Å"place to compete for†. In my point of view, Leopold is absolutely right at this point and as a result, we can see thousands of species that are already extinct forever from the face of the planet. Our future generations will not have a chance to see them.As an example, Wikipedia Encyclopedia gives a wide variety of those species that were extinct and will never be seen on this planet. The tragic part is that most of those species disappeared as a result of mankind's unethical decisions. That is why it is so important to understand the idea and the whole point of the land ethic in order to truly follow the â€Å"unwritten† rules of ethic. Leopold raises one of the very important issues of the humanity today, and it is a land use. By mentioning the land Leopold means â€Å"soils, waters, plants, and animals†.He concerned about how people can abuse the land in nowadays and exterminate all resources that it provides. When the author talks about resources he says that lend ethic suppose to â€Å"affirm their right to continued existence†. The main ideology of the land ethic is that people should be responsible for their actions when they use land and keep it in the original condition like they received it when they came on this land. In my point of view, in order for people to establish the kind of l and ethic that Leopold describes, people should take action seriously on what is happening today.People should switch to a clean natural energy sources like wind, water, and sun. There should be stricter regulations on factorial’s waste, because still most of the factories dump into the close by river or ocean, which causes deaths of thousands of animals. Cars and trucks should minimize exhaust gases in a larger proportion then we see it today, because only very few people can afford driving expensive electric cars or hybrids. Those types of cars should be more accessible through cheaper prices and government help.As of today, our government doesn't help people who are concerned about the environment, and there is no budget for that. Government doesn't see any economical advantage in helping those people, because â€Å"the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid† – writes Leopold in â€Å"Substitutes for a Land Ethic†. In my point of view, this i s a critical mistake, and I agree with Leopold at his point, that â€Å"a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided†. Today's ideology is if some species don’t have any economic value they will be exterminated.For example, timber crops â€Å"grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay†. Moreover, it's not only some specific species that luck on economic value, but there are entire biotic communities, like â€Å"marshes, bogs, dunes, and deserts†. Is that mean that we should get rid of those things as well? Things like dunes and deserts are homes for millions of species. In order for people to develop a conscience with regard to their use and abuse of the land, they should clearly understand the land pyramid system.Leopold talks about the importance of the land pyramid in â€Å"The Land Ethic†. The land pyramid is a sort of a food chain structure, where mankind is tightly involved. Soil, plants, in sects, and animals are all tightly involved in this food chain and cannot survive without the existence of one another. Soil provides food for plants, plants for insects, insects for animals, and â€Å"man shares an intermediate layer with the bears, raccoons, and squirrels which eat both meat and vegetables†.At this point, people should clearly realize that by exterminating of one of these layers humankind exterminates itself. By abusing the land people can loose everything they have today, and it can be no future for people. Realizing people's position in the land pyramid can help people to understand how important it is to protect every single layer of the pyramid, and preserve what they have. In my point of view, people should follow land ethics and respect what the land gives them. People should be thankful to the land for what it gives them.For example, when it comes to the use of natural resources, people should think about the environment and not damage what was natur ally created. They should not interfere or destroy the natural cycle, otherwise it can lead to disastrous consequences. Even though people don't see from their perspective that some things such as dunes, deserts, and rocks can bring economical or financial value, it doesn't mean that they can get rid of them. They are valued beyond an economical standpoint; they can protect lands from flooding and prevent millions of species from extinction.When it comes to me personally and what I do in order to follow ethical values, I take responsibility for my actions. For example, I recycle plastic bottles and bags, or when I go out to the forest with my friends I never leave trash behind. Maybe my actions seem too little when it comes to a global issues, but I believe that anything big starts from a little. I really hope that more people will follow Leopold's ideas, and all together we can make a difference. | | Leopold the Land Ethic â€Å"The Land Ethic† by Aldo Leopold â€Å"The Land Ethic†is an individual essay that was collected from the major publication â€Å"The Sand County Almanac† written by Aldo Leopold during his life time, and it was published one year after his death in 1949. This essay was read by many people during his lifetime and was a powerful force in ecological sphere for many years. Leopold collected all his knowledge in this major publication, and in â€Å"The Land Ethic† he calls for people's attention in order to preserve the environment, protect the land from changing, and protect species from the extinction.Aldo Leopold in â€Å"The Lend Ethic† explains to his readers what is meant by land ethic. It's a sort of combination of rules about what is right and what is wrong, and Leopold writes that it â€Å"is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community† and â€Å"is wrong when it tends otherwise†. In the chapter â€Å"The Ecological Conscience† Leopold writes that this ecological set of â€Å"rules† can not be written down on a paper as a book of laws, because â€Å"obligations have no meaning without conscience, and the problem we face is the extension of the social conscience from people to land†.What the author means is that people must take action by following the rules either written on paper or not. â€Å"Education must precede rules† writes Leopold in his essay. People should be more educated regarding the conservations they have and understand that without land ethic there is going to be no â€Å"place to compete for†. In my point of view, Leopold is absolutely right at this point and as a result, we can see thousands of species that are already extinct forever from the face of the planet. Our future generations will not have a chance to see them.As an example, Wikipedia Encyclopedia gives a wide variety of those species that were extinct and will never be seen on this planet. The tragic part is that most of those species disappeared as a result of mankind's unethical decisions. That is why it is so important to understand the idea and the whole point of the land ethic in order to truly follow the â€Å"unwritten† rules of ethic. Leopold raises one of the very important issues of the humanity today, and it is a land use. By mentioning the land Leopold means â€Å"soils, waters, plants, and animals†.He concerned about how people can abuse the land in nowadays and exterminate all resources that it provides. When the author talks about resources he says that lend ethic suppose to â€Å"affirm their right to continued existence†. The main ideology of the land ethic is that people should be responsible for their actions when they use land and keep it in the original condition like they received it when they came on this land. In my point of view, in order for people to establish the kind of l and ethic that Leopold describes, people should take action seriously on what is happening today.People should switch to a clean natural energy sources like wind, water, and sun. There should be stricter regulations on factorial’s waste, because still most of the factories dump into the close by river or ocean, which causes deaths of thousands of animals. Cars and trucks should minimize exhaust gases in a larger proportion then we see it today, because only very few people can afford driving expensive electric cars or hybrids. Those types of cars should be more accessible through cheaper prices and government help.As of today, our government doesn't help people who are concerned about the environment, and there is no budget for that. Government doesn't see any economical advantage in helping those people, because â€Å"the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid† – writes Leopold in â€Å"Substitutes for a Land Ethic†. In my point of view, this i s a critical mistake, and I agree with Leopold at his point, that â€Å"a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided†. Today's ideology is if some species don’t have any economic value they will be exterminated.For example, timber crops â€Å"grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay†. Moreover, it's not only some specific species that luck on economic value, but there are entire biotic communities, like â€Å"marshes, bogs, dunes, and deserts†. Is that mean that we should get rid of those things as well? Things like dunes and deserts are homes for millions of species. In order for people to develop a conscience with regard to their use and abuse of the land, they should clearly understand the land pyramid system.Leopold talks about the importance of the land pyramid in â€Å"The Land Ethic†. The land pyramid is a sort of a food chain structure, where mankind is tightly involved. Soil, plants, in sects, and animals are all tightly involved in this food chain and cannot survive without the existence of one another. Soil provides food for plants, plants for insects, insects for animals, and â€Å"man shares an intermediate layer with the bears, raccoons, and squirrels which eat both meat and vegetables†.At this point, people should clearly realize that by exterminating of one of these layers humankind exterminates itself. By abusing the land people can loose everything they have today, and it can be no future for people. Realizing people's position in the land pyramid can help people to understand how important it is to protect every single layer of the pyramid, and preserve what they have. In my point of view, people should follow land ethics and respect what the land gives them. People should be thankful to the land for what it gives them.For example, when it comes to the use of natural resources, people should think about the environment and not damage what was natur ally created. They should not interfere or destroy the natural cycle, otherwise it can lead to disastrous consequences. Even though people don't see from their perspective that some things such as dunes, deserts, and rocks can bring economical or financial value, it doesn't mean that they can get rid of them. They are valued beyond an economical standpoint; they can protect lands from flooding and prevent millions of species from extinction.When it comes to me personally and what I do in order to follow ethical values, I take responsibility for my actions. For example, I recycle plastic bottles and bags, or when I go out to the forest with my friends I never leave trash behind. Maybe my actions seem too little when it comes to a global issues, but I believe that anything big starts from a little. I really hope that more people will follow Leopold's ideas, and all together we can make a difference. | |

Dsdsa

Letter of Recommendation It is with great pleasure that I write this letter of recommendation for Mr.. Rah Kumar as he has an indisputable potential and motivation for graduate studies. I have known Mr.. Rah Kumar since 2008. During his coursework in department of electronic and telecommunication engineering and Management I had the opportunity to closely interact with him in the semesters that I have taught him. This has convinced me that he is very genuine in pursuit of his academic excellence. His Final year Project on Room light Controller and Wireless Camera Security System as a talk among the staff members.While discussing the concepts of his project work he has been very impressive. He has shown excellent capability to understand technical papers, implement those ideas and work indefatigably on the modules undertaken thus far. Academically he is an intelligent and hardworking student, which is clearly reflected in the excellent marks that he has consistently achieved. He was m y student for the His performance in these courses has been courses superior,impressing me with his commitment to learn and think innovative.Rah has always been an all-rounder be it Academically or Co-curricular activities and has always excelled in them. Rah is a student of high moral and ethical standards. I am sure he will put forth all his effort into any task that he confronts. By providing him a postgraduate program in your college you will not only give him an opportunity for career growth but also help his achievements to culminate. I recommend him for postgraduate studies and deserving financial assistance. I feel that his academic proficiency and potential for research make him one of the truly outstanding candidates I have come across.

English All Semester 2 - 6504 Words

English III- segment 2 Semester 2 17 Assignments Week 5 Pre-Test, 5.03, 5.04A, 5.06, 5.08 Week 6 6.02C, 6.03, 6.04A, 6.08B Week 7 7.03A, 7.03B 7.05B, 7.08 Week 8 8.01, 8.02A and B, 8.03, 8.05 (segment exam) 5.03- A rose for Emily Part I: Character Identification in A Rose for Emily In complete sentence format, identify each of the following characters. Remember reporters, be sure to include as much information as possible to give your readers a vivid picture of each of the following characters: 1. Emily Grierson: Emily Grierson was a young lady, whose life was always run by her father. Her father who was of very high standard never felt that any man was good enough for his daughter therefore, she never married. 2.†¦show more content†¦Sinclair believed that the public would be horrified by what they had discovered in the meat factories and perhaps they would shut down the factories or make better working conditions. 4. How did the public react to his novel? They were annoyed that their meat was filled with human flesh and other contaminations. 5. Upton Sinclairs The Jungle exposed filthy conditions in meat packing plants. The public was outraged and the government responded. In 1992 ABC-News did a similar story, this time in a supermarket. Visit PBS Food Lyin. What did the ABC-News story find was happening in Food Lion stores? ABC- News found that Food Lion were selling old food like cheese gnawed by rats, and spoiled meat that had been washed in bleach in order to clean the bad odor. 6. Could Food Lion prove the findings were false? No 7. What was the basis of Food Lions lawsuit against ABC-News? They charged them of fraud, trespassing, and other deceptions. 8. What was the jurys verdict? The jury ruled against ABC. 9. What was the jurors rationale for the verdict? The juror’s rationale for the verdict was that Lion food had sought twice the amount as compensation for wages paid to producers and also paid the company to train the workers. Part B Sound Off and Break it Down: Argue or Agree with your classmates! * Post your response to this question: I responded to Marc Todd on 08/27/11 Do you believe journalists have aShow MoreRelatedEssay on 49183397 ENG1502 02 MARK0701001035 Words   |  5 Pages4918-339-7 Lelani van Blerk ENG1502 Semester 2 Assignment 02 Unique Number: 865041 4918-339-7 Lelani van Blerk ENG1502 Semester 2 Assignment 02 Closing Date: 30 September 2014 Unique Number: 865041 P. O. Box 236 St. Lucia Estuary 3936 -1Open Rubric 4918-339-7 Lelani van Blerk ENG1502 Semester 2 Assignment 02 Unique Number: 865041 Index Semester 2 Assignment 2: Discourse analysis a) Collect 5 signs or posters which appear within the same environment, this could be your local church, mall, schoolRead MoreUaeu Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRequirements Unit (UGRU) from September 2005 until June 2007. This was a foundation program for all students entering the university. The foundation program was the equivalent of a one year Arts and Sciences program that some Canadian Universities are now offering. A key difference is that the UGRU Program deals with underprepared, unmotivated students who are second language learners at the very least. All governments of the oil-rich Arabian Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, The UAE, Qatar) haveRead MoreMy First College English Class973 Words   |  4 Pages My First College English Class English 111 was a challenge for me. 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Gender Inequality Of The United States - 1363 Words

â€Å"You won’t get paid. As a woman and of color, you’re going to be underpaid, so there’s really no point,† Daniel recalled (â€Å"Career and Workplace† 4). A future law graduate was told to throw away her dreams in regards to gender inequality. A girl named Reshma Daniel had to give up what she loved most because of a situation regarding both her race and gender. Reshma Daniel’s parents moved to America from India with just a couple dollars. Her parents wanted their children to live the American life. For Daniel, that simply meant law school. While at Nova in Southeastern University in Florida, she majored in legal studies and job shadowed a family lawyer. After a pretrial hearing had taken place, another lawyer, a Vietnamese woman, told Daniel†¦show more content†¦It does no one any good, so why is it continuing to happen? All it does is harm. â€Å"If people in the world forever choose to live by â€Å"guidelines† of gen der inequality, then the line that separates men and women will forever be thick† (Kimble 1). Throughout history, women have faced intense discrimination. Discrimination is the unfair or detrimental treatment of different groups of people or things, especially on the ground levels of race, age, or sex. Women have faced intense discrimination from a shortage of legal rights and very little freedom from their husbands, to being thought to have minor brains. In many societies, women have forever been viewed as less than fully human (â€Å"News Wise† 1). On one hand, there has been great progress toward equality. At the same time, extensive and noticeable holes remain. These holes that still exist are not only in terms of economic inequality and continuing intolerance and harassment in the workplace, but in everyday conversations and actions (â€Å"Divided America† 6). 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Academic Dishonesty Essay - 1197 Words

In the past decade, professors across the country have noticed an alarming new trend—academic dishonesty is on the rise. More than half of college students surveyed admit to at least one instance of serious cheating in the past year (McCabe and Pavela). Information is incredibly easy to access on the Internet, and devices such as iPhones put that power, literally, into the palms of students’ hands. Many students entering universities today face extraordinary amounts of pressure for results academically, leading them to believe that cheating is necessary to succeed. This mentality is further cemented by examples in mass media, from professional athletes to CEOs cheating in order to get ahead. To battle this trend, colleges across the†¦show more content†¦According to Charles A. Perkins, Ph.D. and Anne A. Skleder, Ph.D, â€Å"most systems presume that the great majority are honorable and honest and that the Code is in place to punish violators. This approach is faulty because it is based upon the (false) presumption that the rules are understood and built on a foundation well established prior to arriving at college.† Students come to college with bad habits developed in high school regarding their completing their schoolwork honestly. Also, many already feel that cheating can be justified on a case-by-case basis, so honor codes do not actually dissuade them from doing it. Also, I do not feel that it is the place of colleges to impose moral standards on their students. For example, the students at Brigham Young University face regulations on every part of their lives, from their academic work, to their personal appearance, to their sexual expression. According to Stanley Fish in his work Save the World On Your Own Time, this type of education is not the university’s job, â€Å"the practices of responsible citizenship and moral behavior should be encouraged in our young adults, but it’s not the business of the univers ity to do so† (Fish 67). If honor codes tread into this territory, it serves the exact opposite of its intended purpose. Honor codes made to protect the integrity of the university will actually undermine it when they try to teach morality. Fish calls professors who try to cultivateShow MoreRelatedAcademic Plagiarism And Academic Dishonesty932 Words   |  4 Pagescontributor to academic dishonesty. Forgetting to study can cause those who would not usually cheat to stoop low and look at someone else s work. Some students rely on cheating to make their way through high school or college. Academic dishonesty is a way lazy students take advantage of hard working students. Whether the academic dishonesty is caused because of the lack of preparation, a poor work ethic, or by having a poor home life; it usually leads to violating academic dishonesty school policiesRead MoreThe Issue Of Academic Dishonesty1416 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology, academic dishonesty cases in every coll ege and university have greatly multiplied and become a global issue. The issue on cheating behaviors in students is so pervasive and uncontrollable that it is almost considered as commonplace (Arhin Jones, 2009). One of the hardest challenges for educators is knowing how and when to discipline their students. In the given scenario, there are several issues to take into account; the first and foremost being the issue of academic dishonesty. â€Å"AcademicRead MoreShould Cheating Be Academic Dishonesty? Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesfind it surprising that students cheat in college or university. McCabe, Trevino Butterfield (2001) offer many explanations as in why students commit academic dishonesty, such as peer influences. Although the findings of this study still can be applied today I argue a new study should consider the use of technology in regards to academic dishonesty. With the rise of technology, it has become much easier for students to cheat on exams and papers. For instance, people can cheat on exams with theRead MoreAcademic Dishonesty Is Defined By Wikipedia1199 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic Dishonesty Rhett Anderson EDUC-6380-70Y July 15th, 2014 Abstract Academic Dishonesty is defined by Wikipedia as, Any type of cheating that occurs in relation to a formal academic exercise. It is becoming a large epidemic that is hurting both students and teachers. With the high pressure that our society puts on success is making students justify cheating in order to get ahead. There any many forms of cheating that occur in a school setting. In this paper we are going to focus on theRead MoreAcademic Dishonesty : The Technological Era2061 Words   |  9 PagesAcademic Dishonesty: The Technological Era Introduction Academic dishonesty has become a growing concern for colleges and universities worldwide. The unethical morale students portray challenges the institutions to question students’ motives. According to Kirkpatrick (2015) the surveys indicate sixty-five to seventy-five percent of college students admit to cheating at least one time. The numbers rise, due to the advancement of technology, enabling students to cheat effortlessly. In addition, facultyRead MoreAcademic Dishonesty : Cheating And Plagiarism1899 Words   |  8 Pages There are myriad examples in academic history that one could identify that not only tarnished the reputations of the culprits but also sullied the reputation of the institution as to where they were a part of. Furthermore, there are many different types of academic violations: cheating, plagiarism, fabrication, etc. These distinct infractions have greater effects on the represented institution economically, socially, and holistically than those imposed on the offenders themselves. In order toRead MoreAcademic Integrity : Types Of Academic Dishonesty And Prevention Methods1743 Words   |  7 Pages Academic Integrity: Types of academic dishonesty and prevention methods Chetan Muppaneni Webster University Academic Integrity: Types of academic dishonesty and prevention methods Abstract This paper discusses the different types of academic dishonesty and the prevention measures that are taken to maintain academic integrity. The need of following the codes/rules of the institutions and to promote the academic integrity is mainly on the students and the faculty. The paper discussesRead MoreLegal Issue Scenario : Academic Dishonesty997 Words   |  4 PagesLegal Issue Scenario: Academic Dishonesty Technology is rapidly evolving and changing, and as a result of the increasing availability and propagation of several forms of technology, academic dishonesty cases in every college and university have greatly multiplied and become a global issue. The issue on cheating behaviors in students is so pervasive and uncontrollable that it is almost considered as commonplace (Arhin Jones, 2009). One of the hardest challenges for educators is knowing howRead MoreCheating And Other Forms Of Academic Dishonesty1511 Words   |  7 Pagesassignment. People can get in serious trouble for this in the real world. By saying the real world, I mean in high school, college, or the place of work. The definition for this action is, â€Å"academic dishonesty.† It defines as, â€Å"Misconduct is any type of cheating that occurs in relation to a formal academic exercise.† It can include, plagiarism: the adoption or reproduction of ideas or words or statements of another person without due acknowledgment.† (Berkely) So, in simpler terms this means usingRead MoreAcademic Dishonesty Is Essentially The Act Of Deceiving1752 Words   |  8 PagesAcademic Dishonesty is essentially the act of deceiving an instructor by cheating on a given assignment for that particular instructor. Academic Dishonesty ranges from using part of someone else’s work to fulfill the requirements of the assignment to using resources unethically to manipulate the outcome of the final grade in an effort to suit one’s personal desires rather than choosing to receive important feedback which can teach the student (the point of the assignment in the first place). Academic

Social Commentaries on the Disruption of Human Condition free essay sample

A deeper understanding of disruption and identity emerges from considering the parallels between Frankenstein and Blade Runner [copy this essay and you die gt;:( Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Ridley Scott’s Bladerunner are both social commentaries that reiterate the zeitgeist of their era; exploring parallel anxieties concerning the disruption of the human condition, the human condition being the meaningful interaction between humanity and the world around. Both composers raise this as the salient premise, through the embodiment of these disruptions in an identity. Identity and character play a significant role in unpacking the contextual fears and criticisms in both of these texts. Frankenstein and Bladerunner utilize differing mediums and conceptual aesthetic frameworks to elucidate their contextual parallels. Bladerunner as a grand narrative utilizes postmodern textual features like anti-humanist agendas and Frankenstein as a hybridized gothic text employing principles established by romantics framing enlightenment. Shelley and Scott both share concerns with the teleological perspective of the disruption of the human condition due to the corrupting clutches of technology. Shelley and Scott display strong contextual links which endure across time, such as common scientifically dominated worlds and contemporary anxieties. As the contemporary human condition dominates the face of the Earth with unerring progress, it is paradoxical in both texts that the focus shifts to the flaws of this domination. Victor’s hamartia is his own blinding ambition and need to defy ‘the natural a contextual parallel to the process of enlightenment, to even try to dominate it† who shall conceive the horrors of my secret toil†¦ pursue nature to her hiding-place†, the personification of nature and blatant disrespect creates a disruption in the human condition. The humans in Bladerunner are portrayed to be inferior to the replicants by the dysphemistic term â€Å"little people†. The human condition is degraded to a mere game, in which humans are the pawns. This is evidenced throughout the film by the symbolic motif of the chess set commerce is our ultimate goal here where life is seen as a commodity, a resource ready to be exploited. This is further inferred by the perpetual product placement and towering billboards framed by low angle shots in the opening sequence, these elements coupled with the unsaturated shots of the urban landscape create a spatial inequality symbolic of the contextual links to Reagonomics. Mirroring enlightenment the lement of life is also debased within Victor, where life isn’t a powerful and sacred natural force, but a series of technological processes, seen through the lack of emotive language when he aborts his creation I ardently wished to extinguish that life. In each case people are valued as a resource, not their worth as living, breathing beings. This teleological perception of the human condition is derived from the collective concerns of the exploitation based on the ambiguity of the human con dition. Framed by irrational and rational fears, this blurring distinction creates a plausible threat to the human condition motivating a change in action or perception. This â€Å"human condition† portrayed in both texts is contrasted with the â€Å"disruptions of the human condition. † Victor’s creature is metaphorical of an ‘everyman, created from dismembered parts of the deceased and the replicants in Bladerunner built to replicate the human form, these beings embody the technologizing of identity and disrupted human condition â€Å"to make an alteration in the evolvement of an organic life†. The replicants and Victor’s creature symbolize the birth of technology; raising the question of whether the human condition can survive a disruption like the birth of technology. Victor’s creature embodies a monstrous sublime over a traditional sublime and the mechanization of the identity, possessing the capacity to leave men in awe but it is this sublime that causes his own grief. â€Å"If I cannot inspire love, I will cause fear† he attempts to pursue his place and revaluates his identity. The creature expresses his anguish for his own paradoxical existence through the rhetorical â€Å"my accursed origin†¦my disgusting circumstances†¦ why did I live? † Similarly the replicants are relegated to bare life, where their identity is essentially stripped away from them and imposed with another. They’re identified as tabula rasa with no humanity initially embedded within them. Perceived through the implementation of false memories â€Å"we can control them better†¦ you’re talking about memories! acting as an artificial identity, Rachael unaware of the truth is introduced by ambient lighting with her foreground illuminated by sunlight, contrasted with the scene of realization where she is painted in darkness and at the point of realization Rachael is delved into complete darkness. Chiaroscuro and color manipulation are employed to metaphorically give the truth an omnipotent overtone. The blurring of the distinction between what attributes o r lack of attributes which separates Victors creation and the replicants from being called humans is the salient premise raised in both texts. This ambiguity is the common tool used to channel the concerns about the extents of the mechanization of the human condition. Both composers juxtapose a conflicting understanding of the human condition to put in stark contrast the teleological direction of the human condition and allow the audience to develop their own critical thesis of the human condition. Shelley utilizes epistolary form in the form of lowbrow horror while Scott employs postmodern textual features in film. Bladerunner following a postmodern tradition is a pastiche of genres incorporating film noir through a hardboiled detective and a femme fatale. Cliched characters like the femme fatale and Deckard are caricatures of caricatures; the human element is twice removed to serve the anti-humanist agenda. This framing of the human condition is a critical viewing, allowing the audience to discern a moral stance. The antagonist Roy Batty being the only character who is not two dimensional, but bares humanity perceived through Deckard’s rescue,† Ah! Kinship† the transition from night to dawn symbolizes moral tale of humanity contrary to this he is anti-human. The tale is anti-humanist as the protagonist and antagonist are revealed to be replicants, â€Å"We’re not computers-we’re physical†. The film disrupts the conventions of a moral tale, parodying it to serve as a tale of the human condition through anti-humans. Similarly Shelley’s crude epistolary form is an embodiment of the creature by its roughly sewn form reflecting the seams that crudely weave technology in Shelley’s context. The creature persistence in trying to find its place in humanity, and is interoperated as a romantic character pushing the boundaries separating man from beast. Shelley’s characters embody an enlightened scientific rationale and a romantic ideology these qualities evoke empathy allowing for a critical thesis of the displacement of the human condition to be conjured within the reader. Contrary to this, Bladerunner follows postmodern tropes where it is difficult to maintain empathy for characters that embody a moral tale reinforcing the anti-humanist agenda. Both texts subvert the role of â€Å"man† and Frankenstein’s Gothicism and Bladerunner’s postmodernism are utilized to frame the narrative allowing a suspension in disbelief and express darker ideologies about the teleology of the disruption of the human condition. This allows a viewing of the identities from a displaced perspective to a recentering of the human condition and identity. The texts mirror what has already occurred in the history of the human condition through their characters and in doing so explore strong contextual parallels like common technological worlds and contemporary anxieties. Shelley and Scott discuss the salient premise of disruption within the human condition through a shared teleological perception. Using differing aesthetic frameworks like sublime and postmodern rhetoric they critically assess the disruption of the contemporary human condition allowing the audience to discern a moral stance. They share the common goal to inspire and motivate action or a change in the perception to preserve the human condition.

James Bond Modern Myth Essay Example

James Bond Modern Myth Essay Most of what we consider to be today’s modern myths are timeless superheroes that have been preserved and elevated to this status by comic books, television shows, and movies. One modern character who has achieved this title, partly due to this same timelessness and seeming immortality, is Ian Fleming’s James Bond. Fleming created the character of Bond in 1953, when he released his first novel entitled Casino Royale. Critical acclaim for the novels led Fleming to partner with EON productions to film a James Bond movie – the first being Dr. No. While Fleming penned his final Bond story in 1964, other novelists and directors have continued to produce material that adds to the never-ending story of this British superspy. The image of James Bond has become an important part of pop culture, spawning a line of video games and musical arrangements made specifically for the series. It has also influenced many other novels and films; including the Austin Powers spoof series and the Jason Bourne books and movies. The name James Bond has become synonymous with violence, sex and sophistication, and it is a prime example of a modern myth due to people’s familiarity with the character and his personality. James Bond is a modern myth not just because of the mythic qualities that the character and his codename, 007, possess, but also because of the status to which it has been elevated and the number of ways in which it has been recreated. Ian Fleming released the first novel featuring Commander Sir James Bond of the British Secret Intelligence Service in 1953, which was entitled Casino Royale. We will write a custom essay sample on James Bond Modern Myth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on James Bond Modern Myth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on James Bond Modern Myth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The novel introduced Bond as a cold and virtually emotionless MI6 (SIS) agent sent to defeat a Soviet terrorist who is funding a weapons trade in an intense game of Baccarat. As Fleming said of his creation: I wanted the simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name I could find, James Bond was much better than something more interesting, like Peregrine Carruthers. Exotic things would happen to and around him, but he would be a neutral figure — an anonymous, blunt instrument wielded by a government department. (Chancellor 47) Most of the Bond novels would make reference to Bond’s coldness and nonchalant attitude towards murdering others, and it would become a staple of the series – a mythic quality that intrigued readers and, later, viewers. Also, Fleming notes that while Bond remains unmoved, wild occurrences take place around him – a duality that offers attractive action scenes and exotic locales as well as a character that garners interest with his mysterious nature. In fact, a glimpse into Bond’s history and previous life is not provided until the novel On Her Majesty’s Secret Service, the 11th novel in the series. This mystique is also another quality that has helped James Bond achieve mythic status. The Bond novels ended abruptly when Fleming died in 1964, but another novel and a collection of short stories were published posthumously two years later as they had already been written by Fleming. The saga continued, however, through the growing popularity of the film series. Fleming worked directly with EON productions in 1962 to release the first James Bond movie, which featured Sean Connery as Bond. Despite Fleming originally disliking Connery playing his character, along with the first film, Dr. No, receiving bad reviews from the box office, the production company continued to release Bond films and later achieved success and critical acclaim (Barnes and Hearn 8). The film series also gained a following that has continued to expand up to today, and it has reached a point where it appears that the saga will never end. In fact, history has proven that regardless of how poorly made a new Bond film seems to be, aficionados of the series will still embrace it because it features Bond, as proven by box offices failures such as Die Another Day and A View to a Kill. Although James Bond is not considered a traditional â€Å"superhero,† his never-ending story, ability to escape any danger, mind-blowing gadgets, and mysterious personality made him the first superhero of his time. â€Å"Before Superman, Batman or Indiana Jones, there was Bond, the bespoke superhero, blowing up stuff and nonchalantly risking his life and limb for God and country† (Hinson). James Bond faces his imminent death in every novel and film, often at the hands of some criminal mastermind or his arch nemesis, Ernst Stavro Blofeld (a character who has become a myth himself by inspiring characters such as Dr. Evil and The Claw). Despite the array of weapons, deadly plots and dangerous women used against him, Bond always escapes danger and lives to fight another day. The fact that his adventures have been replayed and expanded upon for forty years, that his likeness has been portrayed by six different actors, and that multiple authors have been licensed to pen new Bond novels solidifies his status as a modern myth. Also, like most myths, James Bond has become more famous than his original creator, a factor that separates the Bond series from any other book-turned-movie in the modern age. Despite all of the qualities of the James Bond series that prove its integration into our culture, it is necessary to connect it to other elements of myths in order to substantiate its role as a modern myth. First of all, myths are associated with the cultures that create them, and they become a tradition of that civilization. Such is the case with the Bond series, as it is ingrained in our society so that new films and video games are released every few years and the name James Bond is often the first image to come to a person’s mind when the word â€Å"spy† is mentioned. Likewise, the series itself integrates elements of the culture that created it. James Bond exudes the sophistication usually associated with Great Britain, and each novel and film includes aspects of the world’s happenings according to the era that it is produced during. For example, the film version of From Russia with Love reflects elements of the Cold War, and it especially resonated with the audience due to its release a year after the Cuban Missile Crisis. Likewise, the novel version of The Spy Who Loved Me, released in 1962, is the most sexually explicit of the series, which relates to the sexual revolution of the 1960s. Most of the films were adapted from novels, but they were all generally modified to deal with modern issues and problems, thus keeping Bond current and endowing the series with more mythic qualities. A common element of myths is that they deal with transcendence and man’s futile attempt to transcend his natural boundaries. In the myth of Oedipus Rex, Oedipus desires to outdo the gods and fate by escaping his doomed future of incestuous marriage and familial murder. Despite his precautions, he is unable to escape his fated downfall. James Bond deals with transcendence in a different way. While he considers himself, and is considered by others to be, a blunt instrument utilized by the British government, he attempts to transcend his own boundaries by becoming more of a superhero than simply a spy. In most of the Bond novels, he goes to great lengths to defeat the evil which he faces at that time, and this is played out even more in the films where his feats are dramatized and he is presented as a larger than life character. He performs stunts that are truly unrealistic and takes on a criminal organization, its leader, and a slew of henchmen single-handedly. Bond succeeds in transcending his boundaries because he always defeats the â€Å"bad guy† and escapes unscathed. Yet, his efforts can also be seen as futile because he never eliminates the source of the world’s evil – which ultimately is his goal. Of course, Bond fails in this goal because he takes on a challenge that is truly impossible, since evil can never be erased from the world. In this sense, James Bond can be seen as mythic because it features man’s inability to transcend to the level which he wishes to obtain. Like many mythic heroes, Bond must attempt to complete his missions while compensating for his weaknesses. As Joseph Campbell points out, imperfection is what makes people empathize with and cheer for a mythic hero – imperfection makes him human and perfection would be impossible to identify with (J. Campbell 4). While many critics argue that the James Bond series is bland because the protagonist has no flaws, their argument is invalid. Bond features multiple weaknesses in the novels and films: â€Å"He turned back to the front page and began to rattle off the points that struck him†¦Vices: Smokes heavily, drink, but not to excess, and women† (Fleming, â€Å"From Russia with Love† 41). In this segment from From Russia with Love, a Russian agent reads off the information file that they have kept on James Bond. His first vice (which, his vices should be viewed as weaknesses since they are imperfections) is smoking, which is heavily played up in the novels but was not featured in most of the films after the 70s. In fact, Pierce Brosnan’s Bond in the early 90s makes the remark that smoking is â€Å"†¦an awful habit† after seeing a Russian guard lighting up (M. Campbell). However, smoking is considered one of the literary Bond’s vices because, even though smoking was condoned in the 50s and visible in many films during the era, Bond is presented as smoking excessively and unhealthily. His drinking habits are considered a vice, but it is a less important factor because he does not drink to excess and does not allow it to impede his objectives. In fact, Bond’s drinking has become a mythic element of his character, but more specifically, his choice of alcoholic drink. â€Å"A dry martini, he said. ‘One. In a deep champagne goblet. Oui, monsieur. Just a moment. Three measures of Gordons, one of vodka, half a measure of Kina Lillet. Shake it very well until its ice-cold, then add a large thin slice of lemon peel. Got it? † (Fleming, â€Å"Casino Royale† 72). This quotation first appeared in the novel Casino Royale and has since been featured in many other Bond novels and films, more commonly condensed into the phrase, â€Å"Shaken, not stirred. † Bond’s drink preference has been quoted and misquoted in many other mediums, thus proving its mythic qualities. His only other vice, and arguably the most notable of all, is his excessive amount of women. In every Bond adventure, he seduces at least one woman, although more often than not he has multiple women. In Casino Royale, both the novel and the 2006 feature film, he meets Vesper Lynd, a partner in his mission, whom he falls madly in love with. After becoming severely wounded, Bond contemplates retiring from the service in order to marry Vesper and lead â€Å"an honest life,† although this does not happen after he discovers that she is a double agent working for SMERSH/QUANTUM (the organization’s title differs in the novels and movies). Her death leaves him empty, leading him to tell his boss â€Å"The job is done†¦the bitch is dead now,† foreshadowing his distrust of women in every later novel and film (Fleming, â€Å"Casino Royale† 180). Bond is commonly referred to as a womanizer for his treatment of women after this event, using women simply for sex and the completion of his goals. These women whom he seduces are referred to as â€Å"Bond girls,† a term that has become another staple of the series. Usually, the â€Å"Bond girl† is the main woman in the novel or film, and she can range from being Bond’s coworker to his opponent. Bond girls† have also taken on a mythic element due to their names, which are usually comical as well as overtly sexual (i. e. Honey Ryder, Xenia Onnatop, and Pussy Galore). James Bond’s smorgasbord of women is considered a weakness because it often places him in dangerous situations. He is sometimes lured into a trap by his nemeses, su ch as in From Russia with Love, where SMERSH utilizes the beautiful Tatiana Romanova to assassinate Bond unsuccessfully, of course. Most myths, even some of the more modern ones, tend to feature some supernatural or preternatural components. Earlier myths often featured the gods as important players in the plot, and these supernatural beings sometimes intervene with the action of the myth. In the James Bond series, there is no mention of God or gods and the supernatural generally does not come into play, with the exception of the novel and movie Live and Let Die, which features a Bond girl with the ability to foresee the future and a nemesis that defeats his foes by utilizing voodoo and black magic. Otherwise, the supernatural does not come into play in the Bond series (this is due to the fact that the plots usually deal with realistic and modern-day elements). However, one connection that can be made to the supernatural is Bond’s agelessness and his superhero-like abilities. As previously noted, the Bond series has been operating for 40 years, yet the character never ages. While the ages of the actors who play him may vary, they have all been around the same ages (with the exception of Roger Moore, who was notably older than the other actors when he first began his tenure). His agelessness has helped to endow that mythical quality upon the series. Bond also possesses what some may view as a supernatural ability to always escape death; however, this is not a typical superhero power. Instead, Bond is attributed with a particular set of skills, including but not limited to the knowledge of boating, skiing and karate, which allows him to swiftly deal with his enemies, even in the stickiest situations. While this is not the traditional supernatural intervention that one may expect, it nevertheless aids in establishing his status as a myth. Just as Antigone presents a moral issue that its characters must face, many other myths do the same. They often attempt to provide some ethical justification for an action, therefore being pedagogical and teaching its audience something about life. The James Bond series is pedagogical as well, adding another aspect to the list of items that make it mythic. One feature of Bond that is insightful about life is his unhappiness. Throughout the novels more so than the films, Bond sometimes appears unhappy about the path he has chosen for himself as well as his constant romances with women but nability to ever settle down with someone (the novels hint at a possible marriage before Vesper Lynd was in the picture, but it is unclear as to if it fell through or if the woman died). In many ways, Fleming was reflecting his own personal life and his experiences during WWII. He wrote in his creed â€Å"I have always smoked and drunk and loved too much. In fact I have lived not too long but too mu ch. One day the Iron Crab will get me. Then I shall have died of living too much† (Fleming, â€Å"Fleming Creed†). While Fleming appears optimistic about his experiences in life, he nevertheless desires a source of calmness and relaxation. It can be said that Fleming, while beautifying the art and lifestyle of espionage, was also instructing readers that this way of life can leave a person empty and, while it can be exciting and exotic, human beings long for some stability. Bond novels and films also take a myth-like ethical justification approach to violence as well as the sometimes brutal tactics that Bond employs in his missions. James Bond constantly needs to shoot someone or blow up a building, but it is justified because it is all part of the grand scheme and allows Bond to complete his objectives. As described in the short story and film License to Kill, MI6 has given James Bond the authority to eliminate anyone who stands in his way. In light of his victory, any sins that he has committed immediately become irrelevant, and he is viewed as a hero in the same way that a soldier is viewed when returning home for a successful war. The Bond series serves as a modern myth because it explores ethical justifications and asserts that murders can be justified if they are executed in the pursuit of justice. The Bond series offers a myriad of items that have become ingrained in our society through their appearance in James Bond books and films specifically, Bond quips and catchphrases, the number 007, â€Å"Bond girls,† unrealistic gadgets, tuxedo-clad spies, and criminal masterminds who prove to be inefficient in eliminating their primary assailant. The Bond character is also a timeless and ageless figure that has been portrayed by multiple actors and presented in numerous adventures. The series also contains common elements of myths which substantiate claims that James Bond is a modern myth. The novels and films are pedagogical in nature and explore the issue of ethical justification for violence, and Bond is presented as having a preternatural ability to evade all danger and destroy all the evils that he faces. These adventures also deal with transcendence, and Bond’s attempt to transcend the boundaries of human nature and his occupation as well as his inevitable never-ending battle against the evils of the world. James Bond, like most myths, has garnered much more fame than its original creator, and the release of more films and novels featuring the protagonist is always expected since Bond has become a part of our society’s traditions.